Plant and fungal interactions

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with severe toxic effects to vertebrates produced by many important phytopathogenic and food spoilage fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species. The contamination of foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldw…

• BÜLENT KABAK

Abstract Factors that limit forage quality are complex and interactive. Structural characteristics that limit forage breakdown are primarily highly lignified support tissues like sclerenchyma and xylem. However, the presence of chemical barriers (likely the low molecular weight phenolic compounds) within “living” cell…

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• MUSTAFA KEMAL USLU

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• MUSTAFA ERBAŞ

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• MUHARREM CERTEL

Anaerobic fungi inhabit the rumen and actively degrade plant cell walls. Rumen fungi produce high levels of cellulases and hemicellulases and are particularly proficient in producing xylanases. These enzymes are regulated by substrate (especially soluble sugars) available to the organisms. Fungi degrade unlignified (i…

Root endophytic fungi are found in a great variety of plants and ecosystems, but the ecological drivers of their biogeographic distribution are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the occurrence of root endophytes in the non-mycorrhizal plant genus Microthlaspi, and the effect of environmental factors and geograph…

• ALİ ÇELİK

Sheep fed the forage Digitaria pentzii fertilized with sulfur were compared with those fed unfertilized forage for the rumen microbial population involved with fiber degradation. No differences were detected in the bacterial population as determined by anaerobic cultures on a habitat-simulating medium, xylan, or pecti…

Ruminal bacteria were subjected to a series of phenolic compounds in various concentrations to acquire fundamental information on the influence on growth and the potential limits to forage utilization by phenolic monomers. Ruminococcus albus 7, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and Lachnosp…

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) leaf blades and whole cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) fiber were evaluated for degradation of cell walls by microbial groups in ruminal fluid. The groups were selected by the addition of antibiotics to the inoculum as follows: (i) whole ruminal fluid (WRF), no antibiotics; (ii) cycloh…

Five anaerobic fungal isolates from the bovine rumen were grown on Coastal Bermuda grass (CBG) leaf blades and monitored over a 9-day period for substrate utilization, fermentation products, cellulase, and xylanase activities. Two of the fungal isolates showed monocentric growth patterns; one (isolate MC-1) had monofl…

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