The Relationship Between Estrogen, Progesterone and Serum CA-125 Levels and Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of estrogen (estradiol), progesterone, and serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and the risk of developing endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) in postmenopausal women, as well as to evaluate their prognostic significance. A total of 160 postmenopausal women over the age of 50 were included in this retrospective study. Among these, patients with histopathologically confirmed endometrioid endometrial cancer were selected. Serum estradiol, progesterone, and CA-125 levels, obtained within one week before surgery, were analyzed according to disease stage. Correlation analyses between hormone levels and cancer stages were conducted using Pearson's correlation test. The findings demonstrated a positive association between elevated serum CA-125 levels and advanced stages of EEC. Estradiol and progesterone levels were decreased in postmenopausal women, and lower serum levels of progesterone and estradiol were inversely associated with the risk of EEC. A positive correlation was observed between progesterone and estradiol levels, while negative correlations were identified between CA-125 and progesterone and estradiol levels. An increase in serum CA-125 levels was positively correlated with advanced stages of EEC, whereas decreased levels of progesterone and estradiol were inversely related to cancer risk. These findings suggest that further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to validate the prognostic value of these biomarkers.