Comprehensive Analysis of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Phlomis armeniaca: Potential Applicant in Neurodegenerative Diseases

OpenAlex İngilizce

ABSTRACT This study investigates the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Phlomis armeniaca , a perennial plant native to the eastern and southeastern regions of Turkey. Ethanol extracts of the plant were analyzed using various bioanalytical methods, including Fe 3 ⁺‐Fe 2 ⁺ reducing power, Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2‐azinobis 3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content assessments. The results showed that P. armeniaca is rich in phenolic (38.75 ± 0.59 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg extract) and flavonoid compounds (39.34 ± 4.08 µg quercetin equivalents/mg extract). The plant demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC 50 ]: 45.00 ± 0.48 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC 50 : 84.51 ± 0.84 mg/mL) enzymes, indicating its potential use in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. The study also highlighted P. armeniaca ’s high chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and quinic acid contents, supporting its antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that P. armeniaca could be a valuable natural resource for developing therapeutic agents to manage oxidative stress and related conditions, warranting further pharmacological exploration.